The height and weight of a child are the main indicators of his physical development. That is why, immediately after the birth of the baby, they must measure his body weight and body length and continue to weigh himself every day at the same time until discharge from the hospital.
There are many factors that influence a child's physical development, for example:
- heredity (you shouldn’t expect short parents to have a son who is a basketball player)
- nutrition (it’s no secret that a deficiency of nutrients, vitamins and minerals slows down the growth and development of a child)
- physical activity (for example, playing tennis, volleyball, basketball helps increase height)
- child health (children with chronic diseases often lag behind their peers in physical development)
- psychological situation in the family, at school, lack of sleep, etc.
How to understand what is normal?
The All-Russian Health Organization recommends special tables for the height and weight of children, or, as they are called, centile tables. At each examination, the pediatrician measures the child’s height and weight and compares the obtained values with standard values. Such tables make it possible to identify obvious pathologies; for a more accurate analysis, the doctor calculates additional indicators using special formulas.
How to calculate the approximate normal weight and height in children? Anthropometry
Anthropometry is a science that studies the structural features of the body of an individual person and groups of people. Anthropometry is very important when assessing the physical development of a child and assessing its proportionality. WHO (World Health Organization) believes that the height and weight of a child at different age periods is very important, since deviations from normal indicators occur with various diseases and disorders of the body. Most often, the child’s height, body weight (weight), head circumference, and chest circumference are measured. In this article, Sarklinik will focus on the normal height and weight of children from birth to 16 years. An anthropometer and stadiometer are used to assess a child's growth. If a child gains weight poorly, loses weight, gains poorly and little after birth, or is severely underweight, you should definitely consult a pediatrician or pediatrician. Excess weight is also a pathology. There is no need to overfeed a child, whether breast-fed or bottle-fed.
Rules for conducting anthropometric measurements
Anthropometry must be carried out using special devices: a stadiometer, scales, and a measuring tape. All planned measurements are carried out in the morning or 4 hours after eating.
The teenager should wear light clothes made of knitted fabric. If the procedure has to be performed in the evening, then the child needs at least 20 minutes. lie down on the couch to relax your spine.
It is permissible to measure height only using a special stadiometer. The teenager carefully stands on the small platform of the device, turning his back to a special stand. The back needs to be leveled so that the interscapular surface of the back and buttocks touch the structure. A small bar is lowered towards the head.
It is recommended to take all necessary measurements before lunch, since in the late afternoon each person’s height decreases by 1.5 cm. This is directly related to the fatigue accumulated over the past day and a decrease in overall muscle tone.
Body weight is determined on floor or lever scales, on which the teenager must stand motionless. When weighing, the permissible error can be a maximum of +/-45 g. Weight is less stable than height, since it depends on many indicators. Daily weights vary from 900 g to 2 kg.
How to try on and measure a child's height correctly? Anthropometer and stadiometer
To determine the child’s height, the doctor asks him to stand exactly at attention, turning his right shoulder towards the examiner. The anthropometer is placed in front of the child in a vertical position. The bar with the scale can be held with the right hand, and the measuring ruler can be moved with the left hand. The value of the indicator is defined as the value that is located at the upper edge of the anthropometer's measuring ruler. The amount of growth can fluctuate within 1 mm. Remember that growth in the morning is slightly greater than growth in the evening. When used to determine a child's height using a stadiometer, measurements are made very simply. The child is asked to stand on the stadiometer platform, while pressing his back against the stand with the division scale. The child should touch the counter with the back of his head, the area between the shoulder blades, buttocks (buttocks), and the back of his head to the counter. The measuring board must be lowered down to the head of the child being studied. If you need to measure the length of a small child, then there are stadiometers for infants, in which height can be measured while lying down. You can also use an anthropometer and stadiometer to measure your height while sitting.
Formula method for determining weight, formula, scale, weight graph
If the child is from 1 to 6 months , then the body weight of the infant can be determined by the formula: MTR + 800 x M,
where MTR is the body weight at birth, the weight of the born full-term or premature baby M is the number of months the child is (from 1 to 6). Table , normal weight from 1 to 6 months, depending on birth weight (BW) MW 1 m 2 m 3 m 4 m 5 m 6 m 2000 2800 3600 4400 5200 6000 6800 2100 2900 3700 4500 5300 6100 6900 2200 3000 3800 4600 5400 6200 7000 2300 3100 3900 4700 5500 6300 7100 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200 2500 3300 4100 4900 5700 650 0 7300 2600 3400 4200 5000 5800 6600 7400 2700 3500 4300 5100 5900 6700 7500 2800 3600 4400 5200 6000 6800 7600 2900 3700 450 0 5300 6100 6900 7700 3000 3800 4600 5400 6200 7000 7800 3100 3900 4700 5500 6300 7100 7900 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200 800 0 3300 4100 4900 5700 6500 7300 8100 3400 4200 5000 5800 6600 7400 8200 3500 4300 5100 5900 6700 7500 8300 3600 4400 5200 600 0 6800 7600 8400 3700 4500 5300 6100 6900 7700 8500 3800 4600 5400 6200 7000 7800 8600 3900 4700 5500 6300 7100 7900 8700 400 0 4800 5600 6400 7200 8000 8800 4100 4900 5700 6500 7300 8100 8900 4200 5000 5800 6600 7400 8200 9000 4300 5100 5900 6700 750 0 8300 9100 4400 5200 6000 6800 7600 8400 9200 4500 5300 6100 6900 7700 8500 9300 4600 5400 6200 7000 7800 8600 9400 4700 550 0 6300 7100 7900 8700 9500 If the child is from 7 months to 12 months , then you can use the formula: 5800 + 400 x M, where M is the number of months of the child’s life.
Normally, a child’s weight may differ from the indicated values by 500 grams, plus or minus. That is, to the obtained figures ± 500 g. The weight of a one-year-old baby depends on nutrition during the year, hereditary factors, and past diseases. Table , normal weight from 7 to 12 months MRI 7 m 8 m 9 m 10 m 11 m 12 months 2000 7200 7600 8000 8400 8800 9200 2100 7300 7700 8100 8500 8900 9300 2200 7400 7800 8200 8600 9000 9400 2300 7500 7900 8300 8700 9100 9500 2400 7600 8000 8400 8800 9200 9600 2500 7700 8100 8500 8900 9300 9700 2600 7800 8200 8600 9000 9400 9800 2700 790 0 8300 8700 9100 9500 9900 2800 8000 8400 8800 9200 9600 10000 2900 8100 8500 8900 9300 9700 10100 3000 8200 8600 9000 9400 9 800 10200 3100 8300 8700 9100 9500 9900 10300 3200 8400 8800 9200 9600 10000 10400 3300 8500 8900 9300 9700 10100 10500 3400 86 00 9000 9400 9800 10200 10600 3500 8700 9100 9500 9900 10300 10700 3600 8800 9200 9600 10000 10400 10800 3700 8900 9300 9700 10100 10500 10900 3800 9000 9400 9800 10200 10600 11000 3900 9100 9500 9900 10300 10700 11100 4000 9200 9600 10000 10400 10800 11200 4100 930 0 9700 10100 10500 10900 11300 4200 9400 9800 10200 10600 11000 11400 4300 9500 9900 10300 10700 11100 11500 4400 9600 10000 10400 10800 11200 11600 4500 9700 10100 10500 10900 11300 11700 4600 9800 10200 10600 11000 11400 11800 4700 9900 10300 10700 11100 11500 11900
In children after one year, from 1 year to 4 years, the following formula is used to determine weight in kilograms. 2 x L + 9, where L is the number of years of the child’s life.
What corridors from the figures indicated in the table exist in medicine and pediatrics? Normally, a child’s weight may differ from the indicated values by 1000 grams, plus or minus. That is, to the obtained figures ± 1 kg.
In children from 5 to 12 years old, the formula can be used to determine normal weight: 3 x L + 4, where L is the number of years of the child’s life. Normally, a child’s weight may differ from the indicated values by 4 kg, plus or minus. That is, to the obtained figures ± 4 kg.
For children from 13 to 16 years old, you can use the formula to determine normal weight: 5 x L - 20, where L is the number of years of a child’s life. Normally, a child’s weight may differ from the indicated values by 4 kg, plus or minus. That is, to the obtained figures ± 4 kg.
Now let's move on to normal growth.
Medications
Among the drugs for growth correction, there are several of the most effective.
Norditropin
Created on the basis of somatotropin. Promotes activation of linear growth of the skeletal frame.
Norditropin
The mechanism of action of the drug is based on different types of influence:
- provoking the production of your own growth hormone;
- reducing the process of fat deposition;
- increase in muscle mass.
Treatment lasts until the growth zones are closed or until the predicted result is achieved. Injections are carried out in the period from 20 to 22 pm, since during this period the natural hormone is produced. Cost of 5 mg – from 4180 rub.
Genotropin
This is a drug created on the basis of recombinant somatropin with the addition of excipients in the form of glycerin and manitol. The drug is administered subcutaneously as prescribed by the attending physician. The dosage depends on the diagnosis, the duration of treatment is calculated based on an analysis of existing problems with growth retardation.
An important role in the prescription is played by the dependence on the time remaining until the growth zones close. The cost of 1 cartridge is 4250 rubles.
Rastan
A drug based on somatropin. It is administered subcutaneously; injection sites are recommended to be changed periodically. The duration of treatment is determined in each specific case and depends on the prognosis compiled by specialists. Cost for 1 package of 3 ml – from 8000 rubles.
Formula method for determining height, growth formula
In children from 1 month to 6 months, normal growth is very easy and simple to determine.
3 M + PP, where M is the number of months of a child’s life, PP is height at birth. If the child is from 7 months to 12 months , then you can use the formula: M + 64, where M is the number of months of the child’s life. Normally, a child’s weight may differ by 2 cm, plus or minus, from the indicated values. That is, to the resulting figures ± 2 cm. For children older than 2 years to 8 years, the following formula is used to determine height in centimeters. 7 x L + 74, where L is the number of years of the child’s life. Normally, a child’s weight may differ by 3 cm, plus or minus, from the indicated values. That is, to the resulting figures ± 3 cm. For children over 9 years old to 16 years old, the following formula is used to determine height in centimeters. 5 x L + 90, where L is the number of years of the child’s life. Normally, a child’s weight may differ by 4 cm, plus or minus, from the indicated values. That is, to the obtained figures ± 4 cm.
Using the formulas provided by Sarklinik, it is easy to calculate the normal weight and height of any child at any age, but if it is difficult for you to do this yourself, we will help you. Below are examples of calculations for children of different ages, normal height and weight (mass) (table).
Child 2 months, height and weight, normal height and weight for boys, girls at 2 months
For example, if a boy’s body weight at birth is 3600 g and his height is 52 cm, then at 2 months the following indicators should be normal.
Height 58 cm, weight 5200 g.
If a girl’s weight at birth is 2900 grams and her height is 48 cm, then at 2 months the following indicators should be normal.
Height 54 cm, weight 3800 g.
If you yourself cannot calculate the normal weight and height of your child online, ask the doctor a question absolutely free and within 3 days you will receive an answer not only about what the child’s normal development should be, but also how to find out the ratio of height and weight , why there is no gain, what to do in various situations, it is better to treat diseases, why a child does not gain weight, where to go for various diseases, how to find out the average weight of a child, what diagnostic methods should be used in specific cases, how a child can gain weight easily and quickly , what milk formulas to feed him. The Sarclinic doctor will try to help you. State as fully as possible all the complaints and problems that torment you.
When using this article, an active hyperlink to the website sarclinic.ru is required! Text: ® SARCLINIC | Sarclinic.com \ Sarсlinic.ru Photo: © marchibas / Photobank Photogenica / photogenica.ru The people depicted in the photo are models, do not suffer from the diseases described and/or all coincidences are excluded.
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What can cause developmental disabilities?
The main percentage of existing developmental deviations is associated with disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system or a specific analyzer, due to which an atypical structure of the body arises. Negative changes in the functioning of certain organs and psychological systems cannot be ruled out.
Pediatricians identify several main reasons due to which deviations in the development of a child may occur:
- Congenital disorders. Anomalies in the development of internal organs, which are associated with drug addiction and alcoholism of parents, and unfavorable pregnancy.
- Hereditary disorders . Genetic pathologies manifested in metabolic disorders in brain tissue. Most often, certain forms of mental retardation, deafness, Down's disease, and blindness are inherited.
- Psychological disorders.
- Postnatal disorders . Encephalitis, meningitis, polio, vascular diseases of the brain, traumatic brain injury.
- Acquired anomalies.
Deviations in the development of a teenager may be associated with birth disorders, which may be accompanied by mechanical damage to the fetus, asphyxia, and intracranial hemorrhage.
