Hello future owners of a sculpted body! Have you ever wondered why someone comes to the gym and manages to build a beautiful body in 1 - 2 years, while someone in 3 years cannot even come one iota closer to the performance of their more successful counterpart? And the whole point is what body type the athlete has. Of course, this is a complex question, and it is very difficult to answer it unequivocally, because objectively there are a large number of factors responsible for the final result.
For example, the system and conditions of training, the athlete’s nutrition, internal motivational aspirations, etc., however, the main factor was, is and will be - the genetics of a person, and specifically, his body types (somatotype). Of course, if you are naturally frail, this does not mean that you can forget about your dream - to have a muscular body, it will just take much more time to achieve the final goal, i.e. here you are not just trying to pump up, you are entering into a battle (not always equal) with your genetics, rebuilding the original, inherited material.
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We are going to talk about all this: genetics, body types, how to determine your type and all that.
What are we waiting for, let's go...
Wrist size as an indicator of body type in women
Body type is determined by hereditary factors and is one of the constant parameters for a given person, which neither diet nor training can change. However, knowing this parameter, you can choose the optimal figure correction program, which will allow you to get closer to the ideal.
One of the main characteristics of body type is bone thickness, which is usually judged by the girth of the wrist.
Wrist circumference in women is an indicator of body type
This indicator:
- persists during gain or loss of fat and muscle mass;
- does not depend on lifestyle, living conditions, taste preferences.
Body type largely determines:
- metabolic rate, and therefore the rate of calorie burning;
- possible areas of fat deposits;
- tendency to be overweight or thin;
- ability to gain muscle mass.
Knowing your body type, you can choose an appropriate diet and a set of sports exercises that will be most effective. Measuring the circumference of the wrist above the hand will not be difficult. To draw the correct conclusions from the results obtained, you will need knowledge about body types in women and the characteristics of each of them.
Diagnostics
It is best seen on an ultrasound. This is the most accessible and effective way for objective visualization of a tumor.
X-rays of hygroma do not show any changes. The exception is specific mucoid cysts, which may be associated with arthrosis and exostoses of the distal interphalangeal joints.
In rare cases, MRI may be used, especially to look for very small hygromas on the dorsum of the wrist and differentiate them from Kienböck's disease.
Norms of wrist circumference for women by body type
Wrist circumference in women and men is a value expressed in centimeters, called the “Soloviev index” (IS).
The value applies to:
- obstetrics when predicting possible pregnancy complications;
- dietetics in the treatment of obesity;
- sports medicine when developing training plans.
In accordance with this index, there are 3 main somatotypes.
Asthenic type (ectomorphs)
Asthenics (ectomorphs) are considered women with an IP of less than 15 and men with an IP of less than 18.
They are characterized by:
- fragile physique;
- long and thin arms and legs;
- narrow shoulders;
- flat chest;
- high growth.
Asthenic type (ectomorphs)
As a rule, in youth, people of this type tend to be thin and have difficulty gaining not only fat, but also muscle mass , which is explained by the high rate of metabolic processes occurring in the body.
But in adulthood, despite a weak appetite and lack of physical activity, fat appears mainly on the stomach. To correct their figure, asthenics will need strength exercises, which will help develop muscles and a diet high in protein.
Tall, thin, with small breasts and narrow hips, women with an asthenic physique are today considered the ideal of beauty. However, connoisseurs of other female somatotypes find them too angular and blame them for the lack of femininity.
Normosthenic type (mesomorphs)
Women with wrist volume from 15 to 17 cm and men whose wrist volume ranges from 18 to 20 cm are classified as normosthenics or mesomorphs.
Normosthenic type (mesomorphs)
This is the most common and most advantageous body type, which is characterized by:
- average height;
- strong, well-developed muscles;
- attractive body contours.
People of this type:
- mobile and active;
- have a healthy appetite;
- with adequate physical activity, they easily build muscle mass;
- in the absence of loads, they easily gain weight.
Body types
The optimal strategy for a normosthetic person who has decided to lose weight would be to reduce the consumption of fats and carbohydrates in combination with cardio exercises aimed at creating a calorie deficit and strength training to strengthen muscles.
Mesamorphic women usually:
- medium height;
- slim;
- have well developed muscles.
However, the fat layer covering them gives the figure a femininity. Thanks to the wide bones, a woman of this somatotype, even after several months of a strict diet, does not look like a skinny asthenic.
Hypersthenic type (endomorphs)
A hypersthenic person will have a wrist girth greater than 17 cm (women) and 20 cm (men).
Hypersthenic type (endomorphs)
A typical representative of this somatotype has:
- below average height;
- the body is massive;
- the neck is short and thick.
Endomorphs are characterized by a slow metabolism , and for this reason they are prone to rapid weight gain, but it can be quite difficult for them to part with extra pounds.
A set of measures aimed at correcting the figure should include exercises that stimulate metabolic processes, as well as a diet high in “slow” carbohydrates and protein with a minimum amount of fat.
Women with this body type:
- short in stature;
- prone to obesity;
- have short legs and arms;
- They fail to achieve the desired slimness, even following the most grueling diets.
Fat is mainly deposited in the lower part of the body, which makes a woman feel even more complex about her less-than-ideal figure.
This is the theory, but in practice everything looks much more complicated: the fact is that in their pure form, all of the listed body types are rare, in the appearance of the vast majority of people there are features of 2-3 somatotypes, among which one is considered dominant.
Another factor that complicates the process of determining the somatotype is the fat layer that increases with age , smoothing out the differences between body types. But, since the circumference of the wrist remains practically unchanged, measuring it allows you to bypass all difficulties.
Treatment of hygroma without surgery
The safest thing you can do with a hygroma is to do nothing. This option often leads to success. The probability of spontaneous self-healing reaches about 40%.
One historical method is to crush the synovial cyst. A classic zemstvo doctor, with his strong finger, despite the grimace of pain on the patient’s face, can crush this bottle of gel-like liquid. Earlier sources describe the indispensable participation of a heavy and weighty object, namely the Bible, for the successful crushing of a hygroma. In principle, it can rupture on its own under any sudden movement or load. If the hygroma of the wrist has burst, then there is nothing to worry about in this situation, the hand has the right to ache for several days, instead of a neat round ball there will simply be widespread swelling under the skin. The likelihood of the hygroma returning after such manipulations is very high.
How to correctly measure wrist circumference in women
Those who want to determine their somatotype can use a simple method that does not require additional tools: you need to bend your leading arm at the elbow and raise your palm up, and then try to clasp its wrist as tightly as possible with the thumb and middle fingers of your other hand.
How to correctly measure wrist circumference in women
Possible options:
- fingers overlap each other - a situation typical for asthenics;
- fingers only touch each other - typical of normosthenics;
- There is a gap between the fingers - a person can be classified as hypersthenic.
Unfortunately, the method gives a high error, not taking into account the fact that a person’s fingers may be too long or short. Therefore, more complex measurement methods are often used to obtain an accurate result:
Using a centimeter
A flexible measuring tape is ideal for this procedure; the main thing is to follow a simple algorithm:
- Place your leading hand on a horizontal surface with the back of your palm facing up.
- Wrap the measuring tape around your wrist once so that it fits snugly to the skin in the thinnest part of the wrist, but does not squeeze your hand or twist.
- The mark that will be present nearby at the beginning of the tape is the desired value.
You need to make sure that the zero mark is at the very end of the tape. Sometimes the manufacturer makes a small indentation where he attaches a metal bracket that protects the end. In this case, it is necessary to make appropriate adjustments to the measurements.
If there is no centimeter
Measurements using a flexible centimeter tape give the most accurate result, but if you don’t have one, you can use a regular ruler and a flexible strip of any material that can replace this “measuring device.”
How to correctly measure a woman's wrist circumference without a measuring tape
It could be:
- thread or braid , which should be wrapped around the wrist, and then use a ruler to measure the corresponding segment. To get a more accurate result, you can make several turns around the wrist, and then divide the length by their number;
- paper strip : it is wrapped around the wrist in the same way, a mark is made with a pencil in the right place (joint), then the length of the resulting segment is measured;
- a long sleeve cuff that fits tightly around the wrist. Measurements are taken between the corresponding elements of the fastener (loop and button, two parts of the button), after which 2 cm must be subtracted from the result.
The method does not give an exact value, but can be useful in “field conditions”.
Features of choosing a bracelet
Wrist jewelry is an integral part of a woman's wardrobe. Many women choose bracelets for clothing, others for jewelry worn on the body. It has the ability to change the stylistic direction of the appearance, giving femininity and beauty. In a large number of jewelry there will always be a couple of bracelets.
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Some women are convinced that a wide, massive piece of jewelry will suit a full body, and a small, thin bracelet will emphasize a thin figure. However, this is not the case. The main role is played not by its massiveness, but by the texture in which it is made, the pronounced brightness and various characteristics.
Designers, celebrities and jewelers suggest wearing not only one bracelet on your hand, but also mixing them so that they are in harmony with your clothing style and image. However, this does not mean that you can wear all the bracelets on one hand. For example, metal bracelets are diluted with woven thread baubles or thin chains.
Types and rules of measurements
Wrist circumference in women and men is knowledge that will be needed not only to determine the somatotype, but also when purchasing (tailoring) clothes, as well as watches, jewelry, in particular, a bracelet - a fashionable accessory today. The exact values of this parameter will help you choose the product that will be most convenient.
The algorithm for measuring wrist circumference in all these cases is not fundamentally different from the one given above, but has its own nuances.
Measurements for a bracelet without clasp
A bracelet has a number of requirements, compliance with which largely depends on its length. It, in turn, is determined based on the circumference of the wrist.
In particular, the decoration should:
- do not slip off your hand spontaneously;
- easy to take off and put on;
- do not squeeze your wrist;
- do not restrict movement.
When purchasing in a jewelry store, you always have the opportunity to try on the product, but if you are purchasing it online, you will have to take several measurements yourself:
- the main measurement is the girth of the wrist: you need to measure it along the wrist joint, and not between it and the hand, as when determining your body type: the difference, although insignificant, is there. Another difference: measurements are taken on the hand for which the jewelry is intended;
- for a bracelet without a clasp, you will also need to measure the volume of your hand, to do this, press your thumb against your palm and measure in the widest part of your hand;
- When buying a double or triple bracelet, you need to measure your wrist in several places (just above the wrist joint).
Usually this data is enough for the seller to select the desired sample: for this, 1-3 cm is added to the circumference of the wrist.
The specific amount of the increase depends on the following factors:
| Factor | Description |
| Hand girth | If the hand is narrow, the increase should be minimal, otherwise the bracelet will slip off the hand. |
| The presence or absence of elastic inserts on the bracelet | If they are, the increase is minimal. |
| Material of manufacture | For example, massive voluminous stones or wooden or plastic beads will create additional volume and require a significant increase. Otherwise, the bracelet will be tight. The most difficult thing is choosing the right size of a leather bracelet, since this material can stretch or shrink depending on humidity and operating conditions. |
| Shape of bracelet elements | If it consists of large wide fragments, then it must cover the hand tightly enough, otherwise the product will lose its decorative effect, and a thin chain is allowed to hang freely from the hand. |
| Design features | For double and triple bracelets, the premium is always higher. |
| Availability and possible number of charms | Small removable pendants: the more of them, the larger the diameter of the bracelet should be. |
| Client's wishes | Some people like the bracelet to fit tightly around their hand, while others, on the contrary, prefer freedom. |
The decision regarding the length of the bracelet must be made based on the totality of all these data.
Measurements for bracelets with a clasp with a small margin
To select a bracelet with a clasp, provided that its length is not much greater than the circumference of the wrist, you do not need to measure your palm; otherwise, the algorithm is the same as described above.
As a rule, for thin metal bracelets with locks of the most popular type P-Lock (a latch in the form of a decorative bead that opens when pressed), the increase in length is approximately 2 cm. For other types of bracelets, the dimensions of its elements and the material of manufacture are taken into account.
If, when measuring the wrist, a fractional number is obtained, when choosing the length of the bracelet, its design features and the client’s requirements regarding the tightness of the product to the hand are taken into account.
Bracelets sizes for women
As a rule, all the necessary calculations are performed by the jewelry seller. The buyer is only required to provide him with wrist circumference, but there may be exceptions. To eliminate errors, this point should be clarified.
Measurements for knitting gloves, mittens
When knitting gloves and mittens, the main parameter is the circumference of the palm, measured at its widest part (at the base of the fingers). A tight fit of the cuff to the wrist is achieved through the use of elastic knitting.
If there are concerns that the product will be too tight or loose on your hand in this place, you can do the following:
- Measure the circumference of your palm.
- Knit the prototype with the main knitting stitch.
- Using a prototype, determine the knitting density (the number of loops in 1 cm of fabric) and calculate the number of loops that need to be cast on.
- Cast on the required number of stitches on the knitting needle and knit a few centimeters with an elastic band.
- Measure the length of the resulting canvas.
- Measure your wrist circumference and compare the resulting values: ideally, they should match (since the knitted fabric is elastic, no increases are required).
- If necessary, add or subtract a few loops. After the elastic band is knitted, perform the reverse operation, then knit the product with the main stitch.
Measurements for knitting gloves, mittens
In addition to the circumference of the palm and the circumference of the wrist, to knit mittens you will need to measure the length of the thumb and the distance from its base to the tip of the middle finger. When knitting gloves, things are a little more complicated.
You will need to take the following measurements (without allowances):
- hand circumference;
- wrist circumference;
- distance from the wrist to the base of the thumb;
- distance from the wrist to the base of the little finger;
- distance from the wrist to the base of the middle and index fingers;
- the length of each finger.
All these parameters are needed in the case when you have to knit “in absentia”. If the product can be tried on at any time, usually only the wrist circumference necessary to calculate the required number of loops is used, and all other parameters are determined during fitting.
Wrist measurements for sewing clothes with long sleeves
The correct choice of sleeve width is one of the prerequisites for the comfort of clothing, its attractive appearance and high heat-saving qualities (the latter is important for jackets and coats). When performing the necessary calculations, you need to start from the girth of the wrist, which is measured by the wrist joint on the leading hand.
Wrist measurements for sewing clothes with long sleeves
Next, the following types of additions must be made to the result obtained:
- freedom of fit;
- on the clasp (if any);
- on an insulating lining (for demi-season and winter clothing);
- on the seams (directly when cutting the fabric).
An increase in freedom of fit, due to which a gap is created between the arm and the sleeve (or cuff), is necessary to ensure freedom of movement.
Taking sleeve measurements
Its value depends on several factors, in particular:
- type of clothing: shirt, dress, coat;
- its seasonality: for cold or warm seasons;
- silhouette type: close-fitting, semi-fitting, loose;
- design features: method of designing the bottom of the sleeve (cuff, without cuff);
- material: in this case, the degree of its elasticity is important;
- the presence or absence of a fastener.
When sewing a men's or women's shirt with cuffs, the following allowances are recommended: fit - 2 cm, fastening - 3 cm, seams - 0.5 cm on each side. With a wrist circumference of 17 cm, the optimal cuff length is 23 cm; for sewing you will need a strip of fabric 24 cm long (including seam allowance).
What is it?
The word is formed from two parts: hygro- means liquid, the ending -oma is added if we are talking about a tumor. In principle, this term describes quite well the essence of what is happening, that is, a neoplasm filled with liquid. When this ball or lump is isolated, the surgeon receives a thin translucent shell with gel-like or liquid contents.
There are also other terms for hygroma:
- synovial cyst
- ganglion
- ganglion
- tendon ganglion
- ganglion cyst
- synovioma
- bursitis
With one amendment or another, all these words can be considered synonyms.
Puncture
Hygroma puncture is a quick and safe way to get rid of it. Also, a puncture can be considered as a diagnostic procedure: if you get a gel, it means it’s definitely a hygroma. The probability of relapse after puncture is about 80-90%. Injecting any medications into its cavity does not reduce the likelihood of relapse. It is worth remembering that the entry of steroid hormones (they are sometimes used in the hope of influencing the possible return of hygroma) into the subcutaneous fat or articular cartilage can cause very serious irreversible destruction of these structures.
How to determine the diameter and thickness of the watch case?
When they talk about diameter, they mean the distance from one edge of the case with the dial to the other. A simple rule is that the distance between the bracelet mounts should be 3-5 mm less than the width of the wrist. Do we remember how to measure the width of your wrist? You just need to attach a ruler. There is a more complex formula for calculating the required diameter. Multiply the wrist width in mm by 0.618. For example, with a width of 70 mm, the diameter will be: 70 * 0.618 = 43.26 mm. We round the result down - this is 43 mm. To make the watch look proportional and harmonious, for thin hands it is better to choose a smaller diameter of 30-35 mm. A massive watch looks good on a large hand.
