100 meter run: history, technique, standards, records

The 100-meter race is an athletics discipline in which races are run over short distances. Such running requires the highest coordination of movements and the ability to develop high speeds in short periods of time. The 100-meter run must be performed using special technique and also requires lengthy preparation.

Story

100 meters is a sprint distance, a discipline in athletics, one of the most popular and prestigious competitions. But at the same time it is also one of the most “historical” races.

It is considered the modern equivalent of the stadium sprint race once included in the ancient Olympic Games. It was one of the five main types of pentathlon and the most prestigious competition of the Olympics of those times.

The 100-meter dash was included in the program of the modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896 for men, and in 1928 for women. Since 1983, 100-meter races have also been held at world championships.

At the first modern Olympic Games, American runner Thomas Burke won by 12 seconds. At these Games, the lanes were separated by ropes and each runner had a unique starting and running style.

The situation has changed over time. In 1920, athletes first used a similar style of 100-meter running using starting blocks. Nowadays, the 100-meter competition is held according to strict rules established by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).

The Olympic 100m final is widely regarded as one of the most watched sporting events in athletics, with 35 million people around the world watching live when Usain Bolt won the Olympic 100m in Rio 2016.

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Usain Bolt's Golden Sprint

Reviews of the revived system

Most Russian citizens support the initiative, which was revived in 2013 by decree of the President of the country.

The GTO sports program allows you to promote the values ​​of a healthy lifestyle - adults and children begin to think about the need for careful attention to physical fitness. After all, a healthy mind can only exist in a healthy body.

Many people like the active development and emergence of sports clubs and grounds - now there are a large number of places to release energy and spend useful time.

Accessibility is also noted - many have the opportunity to improve their physical fitness for free by playing sports. The more people actively participate in the development of the program, the higher the level of health of the nation.

Now you know everything about the new program, you can make an informed decision about your participation in it.

Runners training

The 100 meter race requires explosive speed, strength and impeccable body control. Significant changes have occurred in the equipment of athletes over the years of the discipline, but at the same time, the training program for athletes has also significantly transformed. Now it involves specific and complex training plans:

• Much attention is paid to interval training with a gradual increase in running pace to a maximum - that is, the runner runs sections at a sprint speed, gradually increasing the pace. This routine helps sprinters gain strength endurance and improve technique by learning to continuously increase their speed.
• Parachute training is another common training style among 100m sprinters. Athletes use a running parachute, which is worn like a backpack - it creates additional resistance and helps develop explosive strength and muscle power.
• Power training. If you compare the build of stayers and sprinters, it becomes clear that the latter pay a lot of attention to strength training. They develop the muscles in the legs, core and arms because the 100 meter race is all about strength and coordination throughout the body.

Does the school prepare for the GTO?

The answer to the main question allows us to give the following conclusions:

1. Among the new exercises for schoolchildren are those about weights of 500 g and 700 g. There is no such task in school disciplines;
2. The school table also does not include rifle shooting, hiking, swimming, self-defense without weapons, running long jump, or 16 kg kettlebell snatch. This means that the teenager should take care of additional training in these areas in sports sections;
3. We compared the standards themselves in the matching disciplines and found that they are almost the same, only in some exercises the GTO standards are slightly higher;
4. In the list of school exercises, children additionally take jumping rope, rope climbing, parallel bars exercises, and inversion lifting on a high bar - this provides high-quality and comprehensive physical preparation both for the GTO tests and for future adult life.

Thus, athletically trained children already in the 10th grade can safely participate in the GTO tests at the 5th level. For those who need to tighten up a little, we recommend that you wait a little and try your hand at the final year of study.

100 meter running technique

The 100-meter running technique is a well-developed and well-established sequence of movements of the athlete’s body. This is a real art and a huge job that the runner only has a few seconds to complete.

A sprint race consists of four elements, each of which is worked out separately and with precision in training:

• start
• starting acceleration
• distance running
• finish

Each of the elements is performed with a special technique, and these technical elements are not found in any other type of running except sprinting.

Start

The athlete’s task at the start is to give the body maximum initial impulse. There are two types of starts in the 100-meter dash - high and low.

Running from a low start is considered the most common; it is used at world-class competitions. For a quick exit, a starting machine and blocks are used. With their help, the runner takes the desired position, receives solid support for the first push, stability in the placement of the legs and the correct inclination of the feet.

On the command “Attention!” the sprinter lifts and moves his body weight forward, transferring it to his arms and legs. The leg remaining behind is in stocks. On the command “March!” it should move forward as quickly as possible.

A high start is carried out without pads and a machine with half-bent legs. The body and shoulders are tilted and directed in the direction of movement. One arm is in front and bent at the elbow, the second is laid back and is almost in a straight position.

At the same time, if the pushing leg is left, then the left arm should be placed behind the body, and the right arm should be bent at the elbow - and vice versa.

Acceleration and distance running

In the first meters the runner accelerates to maximum speed. The body is at an acute angle to the track, is pushed forward with sharp jerks, the step is sweeping, long, less frequent than during the main part of the distance.

Gradually the speed increases. The body tilt decreases, the runner straightens and bends forward. The running speed in the starting acceleration increases, the step frequency increases, but the step is still sweeping, the time of contact with the ground is short.

The runner makes sudden movements with his arms. At the same time, during the starting run, there is a greater amplitude of arm movement and a larger hip span.

Then the step becomes more frequent and sharper, the leg continues to make a sweeping “running wheel” - the thigh and knee are carried high up, the shin is thrown under the buttock, the arms move energetically along the body. The foot lands on the forefoot and actually on the toe.

Finish

The sprint finish is the moment when the athlete throws his chest or shoulder towards the finish line. And this moment of struggle in the last fractions of seconds is worked out separately so that the athlete perfectly masters the technique of movement without losing speed.

Christian Coleman's unconditional victory at the 2019 Doha World Championships

Exercise characteristics

Running a hundred meters is a sprint (short distance). Athletes move intensively on a treadmill, redox reactions in the body of each of them proceed without the participation of oxygen (anaerobic mode). The speed gained at the beginning of the distance decreases slightly at the finish.

During running, the blood does not have time to complete the large circle of blood circulation and reach the leg muscles. Oxygen does not reach muscle tissue, so the body works on old reserves. The source of energy is ATP-creatine.

Sprinting stimulates the heart, develops speed and endurance, and helps burn excess fat.

What influences the result of the race

From the description of the technique for completing the hundred-meter race, it becomes clear that every detail is important here. And in the analysis of the race results, other related factors are taken into account:

• wind strength and direction
• climb
• reaction time
• temperature and humidity
• track surface
• thorns
• cloth
• nutrition, recovery, training

The first three points are taken into account when assessing and fixing the next record. For example, Bolt's world record of 9.58 seconds in 2009 was set with a tailwind of 0.9 m/s.

Control standards for physical education grades 1-11

The presented standards are developed for all students who have the “basic” health group. Students in the “preparatory” group take only those standards that do not fall under the section of contraindications. In a “special” group (SMG), the student is exempt from passing the standards and is engaged in a separate program. Ideally, students with serious health problems study separately during designated hours.

The tables will contain the designation “+” - this means that the standard is passed without taking into account time.

Records

Olympic champions

The Americans became the first Olympic champions in the 100 meter race. Thomas Burke ran 100 meters in 12 seconds in 1896.

32 years later, Betty Robinson set the bar for women by running the 100 meters in 12.2 seconds.

The record for the 100 meters at the modern Olympic Games among men belongs to the brilliant Jamaican Usain Bolt: the first result of 9.69 seconds was shown by him in 2009, and then 9.63 seconds in 2012.

In 1988, the women's record was set by Florence Griffith-Joyner - 10.49 seconds. And he still hasn't been beaten.

World Champions

According to the IAAF, the men's world record has been improved 12 times since 1968, when electronic timing was first introduced. In August 2009, Usain Bolt achieved an incredible 9.58 seconds at the World Championships in Berlin. This is the best result among men.

The world record for women is the same 10.49 seconds, set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in July 1988.

Countries with the most records

The United States has had its greatest success in the 100-meter dash. The States have 16 gold medals in men's races and 9 in women's in the history of the discipline.

Recently, Jamaican athletes have begun to dominate the 100m events. The most successful are Usain Bolt, Asafa Powell, Yohan Blake, Shelley-Anne Fraser-Pryce and Elaine Thompson.

Elaine Thompson takes gold at the Rio Olympics

"Hundred Meter" for schoolchildren

Running is ideal for the harmonious development of a child. When performing cyclic movements, the cardiovascular system is trained and blood pressure is stabilized. Research by American scientists has confirmed that it is more advisable for schoolchildren to run short distances.

As a rule, the exercise is performed from a high start. The student returns to the starting position. At the command “Attention!” the student stops moving and demonstrates his readiness to run. You can start moving on the treadmill only with the command “March!” The first to reach the finish line is the one who touches the imaginary plane above the finish line before others.

Junior schoolchildren and teenagers cover distances of 30 and 60 m, and in high school, a mandatory test of speed and speed endurance is a 100-meter run. Standards for schoolchildren: boys – 13.8, 14.2, 15.0; girls – 16.2, 17.0, 18.0.

Ten second barrier

For the 100 meter race there is a term called the 10 second barrier. This is covering a hundred meters in less than 10 seconds.

It was first officially overcome on October 14, 1968 by American athlete Jim Hines - 9.95 seconds at the 1968 Olympic Games. This was a new world record.

The second time this happened 9 years later, on August 11, 1977, when Leonard Silvio ran 100 meters in 9.98 seconds. At first this achievement was regarded as a sign of a great sprinter, but gradually the number of people who overcame this barrier exceeded 100 people.

Men's 100m sprint standards

• master of sports of international class - not taken into account in manual timing; on auto-timing 10.34 seconds
• MS – 10.4 seconds on manual, 10.64 on auto
• KMS – 10.7 seconds on manual, 10.94 seconds on auto
• 1st category – 11.1 seconds on manual, 11.34 seconds on auto
• 2nd category – 11.7 seconds on manual, 11.94 seconds on auto
• 3rd category – 12.4 seconds on manual, 12.64 seconds on auto
• 1 youth – 12.8 seconds manual, 13.04 seconds auto
• 2 youth – 13.4 seconds manual, 13.64 seconds auto
• 3 youth – 14 seconds on manual, 14.24 seconds on auto

Women's 100m race standards

• master of sports of international class - not taken into account in manual timing; on auto-timing 11.34 seconds
• MS – 11.6 seconds on manual timing, 11.84 on auto
• KMS – 12.2 seconds on manual, 12.44 seconds on auto
• 1st category – 12.8 seconds on manual, 13.04 seconds on auto
• 2nd category – 13.6 seconds on manual, 13.84 seconds on auto
• 3rd category – 14.7 seconds on manual, 14.94 seconds on auto
• 1 youth – 15.3 seconds manual, 15.54 seconds auto
• 2 youth – 16 seconds on manual, 16.24 seconds on auto
• 3 youth – 17 seconds on manual, 17.24 seconds on auto

See in more detail: Table of ranks and standards for running You may also find it useful: How to get a rank for running in theory and practice

Levels and standards

The GTO competition “Ready for Labor and Defense” is divided into several stages, depending on the age of the participants and the ability to perform exercises of varying complexity. They differ significantly from each other - after all, different categories of people are capable of certain levels of physical activity. In total, there are 5 levels for children of school and preschool age and another 6 levels for adults (separately for men and women).

You can view complete information for each level by clicking on the icon with the level you are interested in in the table below.

The first part of the table of standards for 2022 GTO levels by age is suitable for schoolchildren, the second part is divided by gender - for men and women.

Let’s immediately answer the question at what age you can take the GTO. You already understand that the lower age limit is 6 years, and there is no upper limit. The table of standards for the levels of the TRP 2022 standard includes eleven levels - for children and adults.

The table of TRP 2022 standards for all ages is also available on the official website:

• Go to the website https://www.gto.ru;
• Open a tab with the appropriate name.

• There is a calculator on the all-Russian portal:

• Enter gender and age;

• Find out the stage number and the number of tests required.

In addition, you can visit the selected testing center and familiarize yourself with the paper version of the program. Some regions create special information portals or post data on the website of the mayor's office/government of the region or region.

We talked about the standards by age, but passing the GTO standards in 2022 includes certain disciplines, which we will talk about below.